Terminology¶
Single controlled vocabulary for emob-financial-models. Industry definitions follow the adopted sources (see External References); deviations are registered per ADR 0002. Link here instead of redefining terms.
Industry terms¶
| Term | Definition | Units |
|---|---|---|
| TCO | Total cost of owning + operating over a horizon | $/km, $/month |
| EFC | Equivalent full cycles: throughput ÷ nominal capacity | cycles |
| DoD | Depth of discharge per cycle | % |
| SOH | Remaining capacity vs nominal | % |
| EOL threshold | SOH level defining battery retirement | % (default 80) |
| Utilization rate | Active demand ÷ installed capacity | % |
| Availability | Fraction of time asset is serviceable | % |
| Swap pricing | Revenue per exchange, normalized to $/kWh | $/kWh |
| BaaS | Battery-as-a-service (battery leased, not owned) | — |
| LCOB | Lifetime battery cost ÷ lifetime energy delivered | $/kWh |
| Overprovisioning ratio | Installed battery capacity ÷ active need | ratio |
| Cycle fade | Capacity loss per EFC | %/cycle |
| Calendar fade | Capacity loss per time, independent of cycling | %/year |
| Break-even utilization | Utilization at which unit profit = 0 | % |
| Residual value | End-of-life battery value (see deviation register) | %, $ |
| Affordability | Can the participant finance the required cash flows | yes/no |
| Economic viability | Unit economics beat the incumbent alternative | yes/no |
Rider modality matrix (ADR 0003)¶
Rider segmentation has two dimensions — vehicle tenure (own/rent, motorcycle without battery) and battery tenure (own/rent; rent = swap or subscription, i.e. BaaS).
| Modality | Vehicle tenure | Battery tenure | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| OVRB | Own | Rent | Base case; industry-standard "vehicle purchase + battery subscription" |
| OVOB | Own | Own | charging-dominant markets; rider carries SOH risk |
| RVRB | Rent | Rent | full subscription / fleet leasing |
| RVOB | Rent | Own | niche; battery outlives rental contracts |
Battery tenure decides who carries SOH/degradation risk: rented → operator (batch-SOH engine); owned → rider (residual value / eMe second-use applies).
Counterparty rule (ADR 0004): every rent tenure resolves to an explicit asset-owner BUFM that owns the asset, earns rental/service income, and carries its risks — rent vehicle → Vehicle Service Provider (PAYG / fleet operator); rent battery → Battery Asset Owner (BAAS). No rented asset is modeled without its provider.
Purchase parity (ADR 0004): cash and financed purchase are one tenure ("own"), differing only in total cost of purchase (financed total may exceed cash). Financing dynamics are out of BUFM scope.
Tenure = balance-sheet ownership (ADR 0004 Amendment 1): "own" means the asset sits on that party's balance sheet, even if encumbered — a lien/mortgage grants the financier a claim, not ownership. Instalment purchase → "own" from outset. Rent-to-own/hire-purchase → "rent" until settlement, "own" only after; tenure-dependent economics (SOH risk, warranty, depreciation, residual) attach to the balance-sheet owner at each point in time.
Legacy aliases: VOR and VRS both referred to the OVRB base case; they are retired as labels and kept here for traceability. File renames happen in Phase 4.
Repo model codenames¶
| Code | Meaning | Stakeholder view |
|---|---|---|
| BUFM | Business Unit Financial Model (canonical; "Bottom-Up" is also a fair reading — models are built bottom-up from the rider) | any single participant |
| DS | Demand-Supply layer | coupling between BUFMs |
| FFD | Fundamental Drivers | opportunity signals |
| EED | Environment Drivers | realized environment effects |
| OVRB | Own Vehicle, Rent Battery (base-case rider model) | rider |
| BCS | Battery Circulation | battery asset owner |
| SNS | Swap Network | network operator |
| EPS | Electric Power | energy supplier |
| CNS | Charging Network Services — fast-charging outlets for qualified riders; AC mode (rider's own charger into AC outlet) and DC mode (direct to qualified vehicle/battery via compatible protocols/connectors) | charging network operator |
| FCS | retired alias of CNS (legacy model pages) | charging network operator |
| FCS | Fast Charging | charge-network operator |
| Business transaction interface | One buy/sell link between two BUFMs where value transfers at a price × quantity; buyer's cost = seller's revenue. Defines how profit pools between the two units | coupling |
| Demand / supply ratio | Transaction demand ÷ supply capacity; the normalized form is utilization. Drives profit pooling across all units | coupling |
| PPA (power purchase agreement) | Contract structure for the EPS interface: fixed-tariff energy supply against anchor load | SNS ↔ EPS |
| Sector-adopted gauges | Performance metrics already used by each BU's home sector (solar, LPG exchange, battery swap, leasing) — adopted per ADR 0002 posture | all BUs |
| Composite swap tariff | Up to 3 components — monthly subscription + $/kWh energy + per-swap fee — each weighted 0–100%; normalized to $/kWh for comparison | rider ↔ SNS |
| Implicit degradation pricing | Wear-and-tear bundled into service charges, never itemized to the customer; booked explicitly as BCS equipment wear-and-tear accrual | BCS |
Maxwell v12 cross-reference¶
| v12 term | This repo | Note |
|---|---|---|
| 超配系数 | overprovisioning ratio | same concept, auto-computed |
| 按次收费 | per-swap pricing | display only; normalize to $/kWh |
| 按度电收费 | per-kWh pricing | preferred comparison basis |
| 管理模式 | staffing mode | staffed vs unstaffed |
| 退役 | retirement | at EOL threshold |
| 残值 | residual value | v12 uses flat 32% — deviation registered |
| 备用电池 | spare (overprovisioned) batteries | part of installed capacity |
Pinned conventions (correction ledger)¶
- Pricing basis: compare markets in $/kWh delivered; per-swap allowed for display, must state pack kWh
- Battery life: stated as EFC to an EOL threshold, with DoD basis explicit
- Utilization: first-class KPI; break-even utilization reported beside it
- Residual value: a second-use value function (eMe), not a flat % — standard 0% shown as contrast
- Affordability ≠ viability: both reported, per participant and per market
- Horizon: 60 months default; deviations stated explicitly
Deviation register¶
| # | Domain | Industry default | Our position | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Residual value | ~0% | eMe second-use value function | design pending pathways |
| 2 | Battery cost | Western $/kWh surveys | China production anchors | pending cost input |
| 3 | Degradation | generic published curves | first-hand lifecycle data | pending data input |
Sensitivity runs report both values; ours is base case only where evidence is documented (ADR 0002).